Socio-Economic and Demographic Survey of Slum Dwellers of Dhaka SMA 1987
Bangladesh, 1987
BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS
Identification
idno
BGD-BBS-SEDS-1987-v01
Title
Socio-Economic and Demographic Survey of Slum Dwellers of Dhaka SMA 1987
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Bangladesh | BGD |
Abstract
The "Socic-Economic and Demographic Survey of Slum Dwellers of Dhaka-SMA 1987" is an ad-hoc sample survey undertaken by the Population Census and Demographic Survey Wing of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. An ad-hoc census of slum areas of Dhaka Statistical Metropolitan Area (SMA) was. conducted in the mid 1985 and that for Chittagong SMA and Khuina SMA was conducted in the early 1986. The cunsus of 1985-86 was based on household type questionnaire and was not designed to collect data at an individual level. This survey was conducted on the basis of individual questionnaire and some basic statistics on housing, population, economic and demographic aspects of the slum dwellers have been collected. It covers the slum households of Dhaka SMA which includes Dhaka, Narayanqanj and Tongi municipalities.
During the post liberation period, mashroom like rapid growth of slum households was observed around the suburbs of large cities of the country. Besides natural growth, influx of rural migrants added significantly to this growth. Generally, the low income group of urban resident and rural migrants who cannot afford a normal house are forced to settle in the slum areas.
A census of slum areas of Dhaka Statistical Metropolitan Area (SMA) was conducted in mid 1985 and that for other pourashavas and upazillas was conducted during the first quarter of 1986. These were based on household type questionnaire and data were collected on a limited scale. The "Socio-Economic and Demographic Survey of Slum Dwellers of Dhaka SMA-1987" is a sample survey on the basis of individual questionnaire with a view to ascertain the nature and characteristics of housing, socioeconomic and demographic variables of slum population. It was conducted in OctoberNovember, 1987.
Existance of significant number of slum household is exerting tremendous pressure on the socio-economic, cultural and health aspect of city life. Moreover, the higher growth rate ofsuch slum households is a concern for the social scientists as well as the government. On the other hand, services rendered by the slum dwellers are also extremely useful for urban economic development. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problems of slum dwellers from economic as well as social point of view. To take some positive steps to solve the problems planners, administrators, social workers and researchers need some factual data to work with. Census of slum areas was conducted in 1985-86 on a iimited scope where data were collected -on the basis of househol. This, sample survey was planned to produce statistics on socio-ecor.omiq. and demographic, characteristics of Dhaka SMA on the basis of individual questionnaire accomplishing the following objectives:
- Collect information on housing
- Collect information for each individual in. the sample
- Collect information on literacy, occupation and migration
- Collect information on demographic characteristics (such as number of children ever born to ever married women, children born during last one year and whether these children are alive etc
- Collect information on death (such as age at death, sex of deceased, cause of death etc.)
During the post liberation period, mashroom like rapid growth of slum households was observed around the suburbs of large cities of the country. Besides natural growth, influx of rural migrants added significantly to this growth. Generally, the low income group of urban resident and rural migrants who cannot afford a normal house are forced to settle in the slum areas.
A census of slum areas of Dhaka Statistical Metropolitan Area (SMA) was conducted in mid 1985 and that for other pourashavas and upazillas was conducted during the first quarter of 1986. These were based on household type questionnaire and data were collected on a limited scale. The "Socio-Economic and Demographic Survey of Slum Dwellers of Dhaka SMA-1987" is a sample survey on the basis of individual questionnaire with a view to ascertain the nature and characteristics of housing, socioeconomic and demographic variables of slum population. It was conducted in OctoberNovember, 1987.
Existance of significant number of slum household is exerting tremendous pressure on the socio-economic, cultural and health aspect of city life. Moreover, the higher growth rate ofsuch slum households is a concern for the social scientists as well as the government. On the other hand, services rendered by the slum dwellers are also extremely useful for urban economic development. Therefore, it is necessary to solve the problems of slum dwellers from economic as well as social point of view. To take some positive steps to solve the problems planners, administrators, social workers and researchers need some factual data to work with. Census of slum areas was conducted in 1985-86 on a iimited scope where data were collected -on the basis of househol. This, sample survey was planned to produce statistics on socio-ecor.omiq. and demographic, characteristics of Dhaka SMA on the basis of individual questionnaire accomplishing the following objectives:
- Collect information on housing
- Collect information for each individual in. the sample
- Collect information on literacy, occupation and migration
- Collect information on demographic characteristics (such as number of children ever born to ever married women, children born during last one year and whether these children are alive etc
- Collect information on death (such as age at death, sex of deceased, cause of death etc.)
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
Plan and design:
The "Socio-Economic and Demographic Survey of Slum Dwellers of Dhaka SMA-1987" is a two stage sample survey. For this purpose, "Slum Area Census-1985",was. used as the sampling frame to select . sample slums. A household list was prepared for the selected slums and second stage sample of households was drawn. The area covered was Dhaka SMA.
Housing structure:
A total of 16,576 households were counted in the survey. Average size of slum household is 4.84 persons per household. The slum housing structures are broadly classified into the following categories:
1. Jhupri
2. Bamboo structure
3. Tin shed
4. Others
It appears from the data that tinsheds are commonly used by the slum dwellers. 43.8% of slum households live in tinshed followed by 30.3% bamboo structure, 23.9% Jhupri and 2% others.
Sources of light and fuel:
In slum areas maximum households use kerosene for lighting, 57.8% use kerosene followed by 42% electricity and .2% others. From the data it appears that the slum.dwellers usually use wood/bamboo for their cooking purpose. 66.9% households use wood/bamboo/followed by straw/ leaves! cowdung/husk (15%), kerosene (10.2%), gas (7.6%), electricity and others (0.3%)/.
Facilities of toilet:
Mostly katcha toilet is used by the slum people. 58.2% of the slum household use katcha toilet, 18.7% use semi pucca toilet, 17.2% use pucca toilet and 5.9% use un-fixed type toilet.
Source of Drinking Water:
62.76% of slum households use tap water for drinking purpose, 31.8% use tubewell, 2.7% use well, 2% use pond/river and 2.5% use other sources of water for drinking.
Population size, sex-ratio and religious composition:
A total of 515,409 persons were counted in the slum census of which 268,552 (52.1%) are male and 246,857 (47.9%) are female. Sex ratio is (males per 100 females) 109. Out of 515409 population 4950,813 (96. 2%) are muslims and 19,596 (3.8%) are non-muslims.
Literacy:
Literacy is defined as ability to write a letter. In the slum areas literacy rate is found to be 12.6% among the population 5 years and above. Literacy rate for males is 17.6% and that for females is 7.4%.
Employment:
In slum areas 43% of population of age 5 years and over are working population. Among the males 63.9% are working and 20.3% are working among the females.
Disability:
Out of 515,409 population 4,083 are disabled of which 21437 are ;males and 1,646 are females. That is 0.79% of total population is disabled where 0.91% are males and 0.67% are females.
Marital status:
69.3% of total population of 10 years and over are ever married in the slum areas. Percentage of evermarried males is 63.1 and that for females is 76.0. Mean age at marrieage is 22.81 years for males and 16.2 years for females. Out of total evermarried population 90% married only once. This percentage is 84.8 for males and 94.6 for females.
Fartility and mortality:
In slum area survey, total birth and death for last 12 months are 16,946 and 3751 respectively. Crude birth rate (C.BR) is 32.9 and crude death rate is 7.3 per 1000 population. Infant death rate is 82 per 1000 birth. Total fertility rate is 5.13 per ever married woman.
The "Socio-Economic and Demographic Survey of Slum Dwellers of Dhaka SMA-1987" is a two stage sample survey. For this purpose, "Slum Area Census-1985",was. used as the sampling frame to select . sample slums. A household list was prepared for the selected slums and second stage sample of households was drawn. The area covered was Dhaka SMA.
Housing structure:
A total of 16,576 households were counted in the survey. Average size of slum household is 4.84 persons per household. The slum housing structures are broadly classified into the following categories:
1. Jhupri
2. Bamboo structure
3. Tin shed
4. Others
It appears from the data that tinsheds are commonly used by the slum dwellers. 43.8% of slum households live in tinshed followed by 30.3% bamboo structure, 23.9% Jhupri and 2% others.
Sources of light and fuel:
In slum areas maximum households use kerosene for lighting, 57.8% use kerosene followed by 42% electricity and .2% others. From the data it appears that the slum.dwellers usually use wood/bamboo for their cooking purpose. 66.9% households use wood/bamboo/followed by straw/ leaves! cowdung/husk (15%), kerosene (10.2%), gas (7.6%), electricity and others (0.3%)/.
Facilities of toilet:
Mostly katcha toilet is used by the slum people. 58.2% of the slum household use katcha toilet, 18.7% use semi pucca toilet, 17.2% use pucca toilet and 5.9% use un-fixed type toilet.
Source of Drinking Water:
62.76% of slum households use tap water for drinking purpose, 31.8% use tubewell, 2.7% use well, 2% use pond/river and 2.5% use other sources of water for drinking.
Population size, sex-ratio and religious composition:
A total of 515,409 persons were counted in the slum census of which 268,552 (52.1%) are male and 246,857 (47.9%) are female. Sex ratio is (males per 100 females) 109. Out of 515409 population 4950,813 (96. 2%) are muslims and 19,596 (3.8%) are non-muslims.
Literacy:
Literacy is defined as ability to write a letter. In the slum areas literacy rate is found to be 12.6% among the population 5 years and above. Literacy rate for males is 17.6% and that for females is 7.4%.
Employment:
In slum areas 43% of population of age 5 years and over are working population. Among the males 63.9% are working and 20.3% are working among the females.
Disability:
Out of 515,409 population 4,083 are disabled of which 21437 are ;males and 1,646 are females. That is 0.79% of total population is disabled where 0.91% are males and 0.67% are females.
Marital status:
69.3% of total population of 10 years and over are ever married in the slum areas. Percentage of evermarried males is 63.1 and that for females is 76.0. Mean age at marrieage is 22.81 years for males and 16.2 years for females. Out of total evermarried population 90% married only once. This percentage is 84.8 for males and 94.6 for females.
Fartility and mortality:
In slum area survey, total birth and death for last 12 months are 16,946 and 3751 respectively. Crude birth rate (C.BR) is 32.9 and crude death rate is 7.3 per 1000 population. Infant death rate is 82 per 1000 birth. Total fertility rate is 5.13 per ever married woman.
Version
Version Date
1989-05
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The area covered was Dhaka Statistical Metropolitan Area (SMA) which includes Dhaka, Narayangaflj and Tongi municipalities.
Unit of Analysis
Plan and design:
The "Socio-Economic and Demographic Survey of Slum Dwellers of Dhaka SMA-1987" is a two stage sample survey. For this purpose, "Slum Area Census-1985",was. used as the sampling frame to select . sample slums. A household list was prepared for the selected slums and second stage sample of households was drawn. The area covered was Dhaka SMA.
Housing structure:
A total of 16,576 households were counted in the survey. Average size of slum household is 4.84 persons per household. The slum housing structures are broadly classified into the following categories:
1. Jhupri
2. Bamboo structure
3. Tin shed
4. Others
It appears from the data that tinsheds are commonly used by the slum dwellers. 43.8% of slum households live in tinshed followed by 30.3% bamboo structure, 23.9% Jhupri and 2% others.
Sources of light and fuel:
In slum areas maximum households use kerosene for lighting, 57.8% use kerosene followed by 42% electricity and .2% others. From the data it appears that the slum.dwellers usually use wood/bamboo for their cooking purpose. 66.9% households use wood/bamboo/followed by straw/ leaves! cowdung/husk (15%), kerosene (10.2%), gas (7.6%), electricity and others (0.3%)/.
Facilities of toilet:
Mostly katcha toilet is used by the slum people. 58.2% of the slum household use katcha toilet, 18.7% use semi pucca toilet, 17.2% use pucca toilet and 5.9% use un-fixed type toilet.
Source of Drinking Water:
62.76% of slum households use tap water for drinking purpose, 31.8% use tubewell, 2.7% use well, 2% use pond/river and 2.5% use other sources of water for drinking.
Population size, sex-ratio and religious composition:
A total of 515,409 persons were counted in the slum census of which 268,552 (52.1%) are male and 246,857 (47.9%) are female. Sex ratio is (males per 100 females) 109. Out of 515409 population 4950,813 (96. 2%) are muslims and 19,596 (3.8%) are non-muslims.
Literacy:
Literacy is defined as ability to write a letter. In the slum areas literacy rate is found to be 12.6% among the population 5 years and above. Literacy rate for males is 17.6% and that for females is 7.4%.
Employment:
In slum areas 43% of population of age 5 years and over are working population. Among the males 63.9% are working and 20.3% are working among the females.
Disability:
Out of 515,409 population 4,083 are disabled of which 21437 are ;males and 1,646 are females. That is 0.79% of total population is disabled where 0.91% are males and 0.67% are females.
Marital status:
69.3% of total population of 10 years and over are ever married in the slum areas. Percentage of evermarried males is 63.1 and that for females is 76.0. Mean age at marrieage is 22.81 years for males and 16.2 years for females. Out of total evermarried population 90% married only once. This percentage is 84.8 for males and 94.6 for females.
Fartility and mortality:
In slum area survey, total birth and death for last 12 months are 16,946 and 3751 respectively. Crude birth rate (C.BR) is 32.9 and crude death rate is 7.3 per 1000 population. Infant death rate is 82 per 1000 birth. Total fertility rate is 5.13 per ever married woman.
The "Socio-Economic and Demographic Survey of Slum Dwellers of Dhaka SMA-1987" is a two stage sample survey. For this purpose, "Slum Area Census-1985",was. used as the sampling frame to select . sample slums. A household list was prepared for the selected slums and second stage sample of households was drawn. The area covered was Dhaka SMA.
Housing structure:
A total of 16,576 households were counted in the survey. Average size of slum household is 4.84 persons per household. The slum housing structures are broadly classified into the following categories:
1. Jhupri
2. Bamboo structure
3. Tin shed
4. Others
It appears from the data that tinsheds are commonly used by the slum dwellers. 43.8% of slum households live in tinshed followed by 30.3% bamboo structure, 23.9% Jhupri and 2% others.
Sources of light and fuel:
In slum areas maximum households use kerosene for lighting, 57.8% use kerosene followed by 42% electricity and .2% others. From the data it appears that the slum.dwellers usually use wood/bamboo for their cooking purpose. 66.9% households use wood/bamboo/followed by straw/ leaves! cowdung/husk (15%), kerosene (10.2%), gas (7.6%), electricity and others (0.3%)/.
Facilities of toilet:
Mostly katcha toilet is used by the slum people. 58.2% of the slum household use katcha toilet, 18.7% use semi pucca toilet, 17.2% use pucca toilet and 5.9% use un-fixed type toilet.
Source of Drinking Water:
62.76% of slum households use tap water for drinking purpose, 31.8% use tubewell, 2.7% use well, 2% use pond/river and 2.5% use other sources of water for drinking.
Population size, sex-ratio and religious composition:
A total of 515,409 persons were counted in the slum census of which 268,552 (52.1%) are male and 246,857 (47.9%) are female. Sex ratio is (males per 100 females) 109. Out of 515409 population 4950,813 (96. 2%) are muslims and 19,596 (3.8%) are non-muslims.
Literacy:
Literacy is defined as ability to write a letter. In the slum areas literacy rate is found to be 12.6% among the population 5 years and above. Literacy rate for males is 17.6% and that for females is 7.4%.
Employment:
In slum areas 43% of population of age 5 years and over are working population. Among the males 63.9% are working and 20.3% are working among the females.
Disability:
Out of 515,409 population 4,083 are disabled of which 21437 are ;males and 1,646 are females. That is 0.79% of total population is disabled where 0.91% are males and 0.67% are females.
Marital status:
69.3% of total population of 10 years and over are ever married in the slum areas. Percentage of evermarried males is 63.1 and that for females is 76.0. Mean age at marrieage is 22.81 years for males and 16.2 years for females. Out of total evermarried population 90% married only once. This percentage is 84.8 for males and 94.6 for females.
Fartility and mortality:
In slum area survey, total birth and death for last 12 months are 16,946 and 3751 respectively. Crude birth rate (C.BR) is 32.9 and crude death rate is 7.3 per 1000 population. Infant death rate is 82 per 1000 birth. Total fertility rate is 5.13 per ever married woman.
Producers and sponsors
Authoring entity/Primary investigators
| Agency Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS | Statistics and Informatics Division, Ministry of Planning |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Statistics and Informatics Division | SID |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
The "Socio-Economic and Demographic Survey of Slum Dwellers of Dhaka SMA 1987" was a two stage sample survey. The method of enumeration was interview method on the basis of de-jure counting. A questionnaire was designed for this purpose.
For this survey the "Slum Area Census 1985-86" was used as the sampling frame for first stage sampling that is, for selecting sample slums. After the selection of slums, a household list was prepared for those selected slums. From this household list second stage sample of households was drawn.
It has been mentioned above that the "Soc jo-Economic and Demographic Survey of Slum Dwellers of Dhaka SMA-1987" was a two stage sample survey. According to 1985-86 slum census of Dhaka SMA, there were 914 slums and 121,328 households. It was decided that the sampling will be a two stage sampling. For this purpose, the slums were divided into 7 strata according to the size of households.
In the first stage a sample was selected with varying percentage between strata. Overall sample was 152 slums out of 914 slums which is 16.7% of total slums.
In the second stage, a sample of households was drawn from the slums which were selected in the first stage. For this purpose, a listing of households was done in the selected slums (selected in the first stage). From this list a sample of households with varying proportion from strata to strata was drawn. There were 5093 households according to the household list of slum census. After listing of households final sample. came down to 4914 households, that is, about 21.03% of the selected households which were selected after first stage sample. Overall selected sample was 4.5%.
For this survey the "Slum Area Census 1985-86" was used as the sampling frame for first stage sampling that is, for selecting sample slums. After the selection of slums, a household list was prepared for those selected slums. From this household list second stage sample of households was drawn.
It has been mentioned above that the "Soc jo-Economic and Demographic Survey of Slum Dwellers of Dhaka SMA-1987" was a two stage sample survey. According to 1985-86 slum census of Dhaka SMA, there were 914 slums and 121,328 households. It was decided that the sampling will be a two stage sampling. For this purpose, the slums were divided into 7 strata according to the size of households.
In the first stage a sample was selected with varying percentage between strata. Overall sample was 152 slums out of 914 slums which is 16.7% of total slums.
In the second stage, a sample of households was drawn from the slums which were selected in the first stage. For this purpose, a listing of households was done in the selected slums (selected in the first stage). From this list a sample of households with varying proportion from strata to strata was drawn. There were 5093 households according to the household list of slum census. After listing of households final sample. came down to 4914 households, that is, about 21.03% of the selected households which were selected after first stage sample. Overall selected sample was 4.5%.
Deviations from the Sample Design
It was observed that slum population live on household basis and those households tend to form a cluster of households. It was thought that itwould be convenient to enumerate on household approach. Therefore, the household was preferred as unit of enumeration.
Response Rate
There was an instruction to the enumerator to go for a second visit specially, if respondent was not available at the time of first visit. They were instructed to visit" the household when the respondent was supposed to be at home. Inspite of these positive measures to reduce non response rate, there was a non-response of 4.07%.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection (YYYY/MM/DD)
| Start date | End date |
|---|---|
| 1987-10-01 | 1987-11-30 |
Time periods (YYYY/MM/DD)
| Start date | End date |
|---|---|
| 1987-10-01 | 1987-11-30 |
Mode of data collection
Other [oth]
Supervision
Supervisors were selected from among the office:s of Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. The supervisors visited the slum a;eas and checked the work of enumerators and corrective measures were tak:n for mistakes detected. Besides the field check, a control system was estab1ishedin the office of population census wing of BBS where weekly progress was monitored by the supervisors.
Type of Research Instrument
A questionnaire was developed with an attempt to collect data at an individual level and it was preferred on the basis of household. There were four parts in the questionnaire. Broad topics covered were: (a)Household characteristics, (b) Individual characteristics, (c) Demographic Characteristics. Besides these there were, scope to collect information about the slum, like ownership of the slum. Some questions were pre coded and some were described in the field and coded afterwards.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| Statistics and Informatics Division | SID | Ministry of Planning |
Data Processing
Cleaning Operations
After the completion of enumeration, the enumerators submitted the filled in questionnaire to the respective supervisors. The supervisors checked and edited the work of enumerator and if any gross mistake was observed, it was corrected in the field. Then these were submitted to the head quarter.
After receiving the questionnaires at headquarter, these were manually edited. Though most of the entries were pre coded there were some left to put appropriate code numbers in the office for. computer processing. Code numbers were given in the office for the items like area code (identification), original place of residence, cause of coming to Dhaka, occupation and cause ofdeath. Code list and editing and coding instructions were provided to the editors and coders. This work. was checked on sample basis and if the error rate of an editor/coder goes beyond an acceptable limit, then 100% checking was done for that particular editor/coder.
After receiving the questionnaires at headquarter, these were manually edited. Though most of the entries were pre coded there were some left to put appropriate code numbers in the office for. computer processing. Code numbers were given in the office for the items like area code (identification), original place of residence, cause of coming to Dhaka, occupation and cause ofdeath. Code list and editing and coding instructions were provided to the editors and coders. This work. was checked on sample basis and if the error rate of an editor/coder goes beyond an acceptable limit, then 100% checking was done for that particular editor/coder.
Metadata production
Document ID
DDI-BGD-BBS-SEDS-1987-v01
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS | BBS | Statistics and Informatics Division, Ministry of Planning | Documentation of the study |
Date of Production
2019-09-01