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Report of the Bangladesh Household Expenditure Survey 1981

Bangladesh, 1981
Household Expenditure Survey
BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS
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Identification

idno
BGD-BBS-HES-1981-v01
Title
Report of the Bangladesh Household Expenditure Survey 1981
Subtitle
Household Expenditure Survey 1981
Country
Name Country code
Bangladesh BGD
Abstract
A basic objective of all economic systems is to produce goods and services for the members of the society. One way of measuring the success of an economic system is by measuring the ability to provide for its people, to feed them, to clothe and shelter them and offering access to social services such as health, education, recreation and to a wide range of consumer goods. Generally the material welfare of the citizens depends upon the level of consumption of the different items of goods and services.
The Household Expenditure Survey is the tool through which such measurement is done. The result of such survey gives knowledge about the levels of living, how the patterns of these levels change over time and also how widely the levels of living vary among different individuals and income groups. Such information is essential to evaluation of the present policies of the Government or proposed policies of the future. The Household Expenditure Surveys are, therefore, very important to policy formulation for welfare of the citizens. It is with this end in view that the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics have been conducting such surveys. This is the seventh survey since independence.
Kind of Data
Sample survey data [ssd]
Unit of Analysis
The result of such survey gives knowledge about the levels of living, how the patterns of these levels change over time and also how widely the levels of living vary among different individuals and income groups. Such information is essential to evaluation of the present policies of the Government or proposed policies of the future.

Version

Version Date
1981-10

Scope

Keywords
Keyword
Bangladesh
BBS
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics
Report of the Bangladesh Household Expenditure Survey

Coverage

Geographic Coverage
National coverage
Unit of Analysis
The result of such survey gives knowledge about the levels of living, how the patterns of these levels change over time and also how widely the levels of living vary among different individuals and income groups. Such information is essential to evaluation of the present policies of the Government or proposed policies of the future.
Universe
Table-1 shows the size and the distribution of households by number of members from the 1981 population census and two HES surveys. The average household size is similar for the two surveys, but its distribution is slightly different. At the national level, both surveys show the proportion of one to two person households are lower than for the census; whereas, the proportion of three to five person and six to eight person households are higher than for the census.

Producers and sponsors

Authoring entity/Primary investigators
Agency Name Affiliation
BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS Statistics Division, Ministry of Planning
Funding Agency/Sponsor
Name Abbreviation
Statistics Division SD

Sampling

Sampling Procedure
A two-stage probability, sample of households was used in this survey. The firststage consisted of 240 primary sampling unit's (PSU) selected for the Integrated Multipurpose Sampling (IMPS). This same sample of PSUs has been used in surveys of household expenditure, labour force activity and the nutritional status of children. A detailed description of IMPs appears in Appendlx-3. (Appendix-1 & 2 detailed results classified by income and expenditure groups). The second-stage was a sample of households selected systematically for the 240 sample PSUs with stratification of certain variables. Rural PSUs were stratified by agriculture/non-agriculture activity and land wnership. Urban PSUs were stratified by major occupation of household heads and monthly income of household. Every year all the households within the PSUs were listed and updated and then the sample households were selected within the listed households.
Response Rate
The estimated income according to 1981HES was at Tk. 30,933 per household per annum. The average household size was 5.86 persons, which gives a per capita income of Tk. 5,279 as shown in tablei. The7 national income accounts estimated showed the per capita G.N.P. for that year at Tk. 4409 which is about 16.5 percent lower than the estimate obtained from the HES. The average number of earners per households was about 1.45. An earner on an average earned Tk. 21,333 in that year. The average household size in 1995 was larger than that in 1981, whereas the average number of earners in 1995 was lower than that in 1981. There was a considerable rural/urban disparity in income. The per capita income for rural areas was estimated at Tk. 4967 as against Tk. 7420 for the urban areas. The per capita income in urban areas was about 49 percent higher and per earner income 48 percent higher than in rural areas. With the low literacy rate (about 2 5%) in Bangladesh only few educated heads (or members) of households to record diary entries were available in urban sample areas and almost none in rural sample areas. Thus the work-load for the diary keeper was too heavy in both the 1981 experiment and in the 1981 HES as in many rural sample areas the diary keeper was required to maintain all the 16 househd.d diaries in his assigned sample area. To remedy this situation, consideration was given to shortening the diary period form a month to a fortnight. To investigate this, a study was made in the August, 1981 diaries in which 15-day recordings (both the k.st 15 days and the 2nd 15 days) were com pared with 30day recordings. The,study showed very little difference in the level of expenditures between the 1.5 days and the 30 days for major food groups. Thus, it was decided that it was not necessary to collect food&beveragedata for an entire month and that a shorter period would suffice. On the basis of this finding, the 1981 HES which beganfrom July 1985 adopted this 15-day diary recording by selecting 8 sample households for the first fortnight and the remaining 8 households for the second fortnight in a given sample area.

Data Collection

Dates of Data Collection (YYYY/MM/DD)
Start date End date
1981 1981
Mode of data collection
Other [oth]
Supervision
The survey was conducted in July, 1981 through June, 1981. This survey was conducted on a monthly basis. In each month 20 PSUs (mauza/mahalla) were covered. Under the guidence of the Director, four senior officers of the Research, Training and Sample Survey (RT&SS) Wing co-ordinated the field operations. They were responsible for the field supervision and preliminary checking in filled in schedules and diary books. Statistical Officers (S.O.) and Assistant Statistical Officers (A.S.O.) at the Regional Statistical Offices (R.S.O.) were responsible for the selection, appointment and training of the diary keepers and for the supervision of interviewers and diary keepers.Statistical Assistants at the Regional Offices were engaged as interviewers. The diary keepers were local educated unemployed persons or students. Training of the supervisors (RSO/ASO) was conducted at Dhaka training centre by the Director and Senior Officers of the RT&SS Wing. Training of the interviewers was conducted in 21 Regional Offices by the Senior Officers of RT&SS Wing in Regional Offices. During the training period supervisors and interviewers received detailed instructions concerning the contents of the questionnaire and interviewing techniques.
Type of Research Instrument
On receipt from the field, preliminary checking of the field in diaries and main questionnaires was made following the points mentioned below and in case of any kind of gross inconsistency, those diaries & questionnaire were sent back to the field for due verification and correction.
(i)Main questionnaires and diary books were matched in respect of some demographic characteristics such as number of members, sex, age, relationship to the head of household etc.
(ii) Consistency i income & expenditure data in the main questionnaire and diary book was also checked and corrected if required.
Data Collectors
Name Abbreviation Affiliation
BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS BBS STATISTICS AND INFORMATICS DIVISION, MINISTRY OF PLANNING

Data Processing

Cleaning Operations
A total of 3840 diary books and schedules were received from the fLeId. One Deputy Director, two Statistical Officers and twenty-five Statistical Investigators! Statistical Assistants were engaged in manual editing o'fthe diary books and schedules. After manual editing diary books & schedules were sent to the computer wing for electronic processing. Computer edit was done to ensure consistancy of the data and tabulation were 'made from such edited data.

Contacts

Contact
Name
BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS

Metadata production

Document ID
DDI-BGD-BBS-HES-1981-v01
Producers
Name Abbreviation Affiliation Role
BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS BBS STATISTICS AND INFORMATICS DIVISION, MINISTRY OF PLANNING Documentation of the study
Date of Production
2019-10-23