Census of the Former Enclaves Population of Bangladesh (CFEPB) 2017
Bangladesh, 2017
BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS
Identification
idno
BGD-BBS-CFEPB-2017-v01
Title
Census of the Former Enclaves Population of Bangladesh (CFEPB) 2017
Country
| Name | Country code |
|---|---|
| Bangladesh | BGD |
Abstract
The final report of the Census of Former Enclaves Population of Bangladesh (CFEPB) 2017 is being published by the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS). This census was conducted to know the socio-demographic condition of the former enclaves’ population who were deprived of many facilities for the long 68 years.
It may be recalled that Pakistan and India got independence on 14 and 15 August, 1947 respectively from the colonial rule of the British. The process of ‘de-enclave’ of most of the enclaves between two countries was remained unsoulved until 2015. After the independence of Bangladesh, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the Prime Minister of India, Shrimati Indira Gandhi signed the Land Boundary Agreement in 1974 to exchange enclaves and simplify international border. A revised version of the agreement was adopted by Bangladesh and India on 7 May, 2015 which was ratified on 6 June, 2015 to solve the enclaves issues of the two neighboring countries. Consequently, India received 51 Bangladeshi enclaves (covering 7,110 acres) in the Indian mainland, while Bangladesh received 111 Indian enclaves (covering 17,160 acres) in the Bangladeshi mainland. The enclave residents were allowed to either reside at their current location or to move to any country by their choice. In this context, it is a praiseworthy initiative by BBS to conduct census on enclaves’ population.
Enclaves were a long unresolved problem of the then Pakistan and India. After the independence of Bangladesh, the exchange of the enclaves by Bangladesh and India was signed by the then Prime Minister of Bangladesh Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi in 1974. But it could not be materialized until the Prime Minister of India signed a protocol with Bangladesh to exchange the enclaves in 2009.
To solve the issue, it was required the amendment of the constitution of India. The congress government tried to pass the Bill in Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha, but it could not be possible due to non cooperation of the opposition parties. The government of India led by BJP made the 100th amendment of Indian constitution and revised agreement was signed on 7 May, 2015 and it was ratified on 6 June, 2015. A Joint Boundary Working Group (JBWP) was formed by the relevant officers of Bangladesh and India. In reality, the enclaves were transferred from 31 July, 2015 to 30 November, 2015.
As the enclaves population were deprived from different facilities for many years, the Census of Former Enclaves Population of Bangladesh was conducted by BBS to provide latest socio-economic condition of the enclave population. The census was conducted during 5-14 October, 2017. The results are being released now for the use of all stakeholders.
The overall objectives of the census were to identity the socio-economic condition of the inhabitants of former enclaves and to prepare a database of the detailed information of these disadvantaged populations to make appropriate intervention by the government and the non-government organizations for the welfare of the enclaves population.
Specific objectives of the Enclaves Census were:
i) to collect the information of population and household characteristics in former enclaves;
ii) to determine the demographic characteristics of former enclaves population;
iii) to collect information on housing and household facilities of the inhabitants;
iv) to collect information on occupation, level of education, literacy etc.; and
v) to identify geographic areas lacking certain services.
It may be recalled that Pakistan and India got independence on 14 and 15 August, 1947 respectively from the colonial rule of the British. The process of ‘de-enclave’ of most of the enclaves between two countries was remained unsoulved until 2015. After the independence of Bangladesh, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and the Prime Minister of India, Shrimati Indira Gandhi signed the Land Boundary Agreement in 1974 to exchange enclaves and simplify international border. A revised version of the agreement was adopted by Bangladesh and India on 7 May, 2015 which was ratified on 6 June, 2015 to solve the enclaves issues of the two neighboring countries. Consequently, India received 51 Bangladeshi enclaves (covering 7,110 acres) in the Indian mainland, while Bangladesh received 111 Indian enclaves (covering 17,160 acres) in the Bangladeshi mainland. The enclave residents were allowed to either reside at their current location or to move to any country by their choice. In this context, it is a praiseworthy initiative by BBS to conduct census on enclaves’ population.
Enclaves were a long unresolved problem of the then Pakistan and India. After the independence of Bangladesh, the exchange of the enclaves by Bangladesh and India was signed by the then Prime Minister of Bangladesh Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and Prime Minister of India Indira Gandhi in 1974. But it could not be materialized until the Prime Minister of India signed a protocol with Bangladesh to exchange the enclaves in 2009.
To solve the issue, it was required the amendment of the constitution of India. The congress government tried to pass the Bill in Rajya Sabha and Lok Sabha, but it could not be possible due to non cooperation of the opposition parties. The government of India led by BJP made the 100th amendment of Indian constitution and revised agreement was signed on 7 May, 2015 and it was ratified on 6 June, 2015. A Joint Boundary Working Group (JBWP) was formed by the relevant officers of Bangladesh and India. In reality, the enclaves were transferred from 31 July, 2015 to 30 November, 2015.
As the enclaves population were deprived from different facilities for many years, the Census of Former Enclaves Population of Bangladesh was conducted by BBS to provide latest socio-economic condition of the enclave population. The census was conducted during 5-14 October, 2017. The results are being released now for the use of all stakeholders.
The overall objectives of the census were to identity the socio-economic condition of the inhabitants of former enclaves and to prepare a database of the detailed information of these disadvantaged populations to make appropriate intervention by the government and the non-government organizations for the welfare of the enclaves population.
Specific objectives of the Enclaves Census were:
i) to collect the information of population and household characteristics in former enclaves;
ii) to determine the demographic characteristics of former enclaves population;
iii) to collect information on housing and household facilities of the inhabitants;
iv) to collect information on occupation, level of education, literacy etc.; and
v) to identify geographic areas lacking certain services.
Kind of Data
Census/enumeration data [cen]
Unit of Analysis
A four pages long questionnaire in modular form was designed and a total of 81 questions in 10 separate modules were incorporated. This questionnaire was a modified version of the sample survey long questionnaire of Population and Housing Census 2011. Finally, Census of the Former Enclaves Population of Bangladesh (CFEPB) 2017 was conducted during October 05-14, 2017. The BBS officials were both the census cordinator supervisors and the interviewers. Data were collected from the heads of households or reliable respondents of the households. An enumeration area was comprised of about 100 enclaves households and 94 interviewers were deployed for data collection by 10 days at the targeted area of four census districts of the country who were supervised by senior officials of BBS with a proper chain of command under the guidance of the Director General of BBS.
The 10 (ten) separate modules of the census questionnaire were as follows:
1) Identification and Household Summary
2) Housing
3) Household
4) Individual Information
5) Economic Activities
6) Nuptiality
7) Fertility
8) Members Returned from Abroad
9) International Migration
10) Death
The 10 (ten) separate modules of the census questionnaire were as follows:
1) Identification and Household Summary
2) Housing
3) Household
4) Individual Information
5) Economic Activities
6) Nuptiality
7) Fertility
8) Members Returned from Abroad
9) International Migration
10) Death
Version
Version Date
2018-10
Coverage
Geographic Coverage
The India-Bangladesh enclaves also known as the ‘Chhitmahals’ were the enclaves along the Bangladesh-India border in four districts of Bangladesh namely-Panchagarh, Kurigram, Lalmonirhat and Nilphamari and Indian states of West Bengal in the Cooch Behar District. An option taking survey was conducted jointly by Bangladesh and India during 6-16 July, 2015 to enumerate the population of enclaves. As many as 75 teams conducted the option taking survey in 162 the then enclaves of both two countries and took their options to take citizenship of any of the two countries. According to the survey, there were 111 Chhitmahals of Bangladesh, of those 36 in Panchagarh, 4 in Nilphamari, 59 in Lalmonirhat and 12 in Kurigram. Panchagarh Sadar, Boda, Debiganj, Dimla, Lalmonirhat Sadar, Hatibandha, Patgram, Bhurungamari and Fulbari Upazila of those districts of Bangladesh have those 111 enclaves with 37,535 population in total during the option taking survey.
In history of enclaves, it is seen that after the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, Rangpur joined to East Pakistan and Cooch Behar joined to India. The desire to ‘de-enclave’ most of the enclaves was manifested in a 1958 agreement between Jawaharulal Neheru and Feroz Khan Noon, the respective Prime Ministers, for an exchange between India and Pakistan without considering loss or gain of territory. But the matter then submitted into a Supreme Court case in India, and the Supreme Court ruled that Constitutional Amendment was required for transferring the land. So, the Ninth Amendment was introduced to implement the agreement. The amendment could not be passed because of an objection to transfer Southern Berubari Enclave, because of India’s deteriorated relationship with Pakistan, the issue remained unsolved.
After the independence of Bangladesh, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh and India signed the historic Land Boundary Agreement in 1974 to exchange enclaves to simplify international border. When the Parliament of India passed the 100th Amendment to Indian Constitution, then a revised version of the agreement was adopted by the two countries on 7 May 2015 through a historic visit of the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi in Bangladesh. Under this agreement, which was ratified on 6 June 2015 India received 51 Bangladeshi enclaves (covering 7,110 acres) in the Indian mainland, while Bangladesh received 111 Indian enclaves (covering 17,160 acres) in the Bangladeshi mainland. The enclave residents are allowed to either reside at their present location or to move to any country of their choice. The physical exchange of enclaves was started implementation on 31 July 2015. The enclaves stand exchanged on the mid-night of 31 July, 2015 and the transfer of enclave residents completed officially on 30 November, 2015.
In history of enclaves, it is seen that after the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947, Rangpur joined to East Pakistan and Cooch Behar joined to India. The desire to ‘de-enclave’ most of the enclaves was manifested in a 1958 agreement between Jawaharulal Neheru and Feroz Khan Noon, the respective Prime Ministers, for an exchange between India and Pakistan without considering loss or gain of territory. But the matter then submitted into a Supreme Court case in India, and the Supreme Court ruled that Constitutional Amendment was required for transferring the land. So, the Ninth Amendment was introduced to implement the agreement. The amendment could not be passed because of an objection to transfer Southern Berubari Enclave, because of India’s deteriorated relationship with Pakistan, the issue remained unsolved.
After the independence of Bangladesh, the Prime Minister of Bangladesh and India signed the historic Land Boundary Agreement in 1974 to exchange enclaves to simplify international border. When the Parliament of India passed the 100th Amendment to Indian Constitution, then a revised version of the agreement was adopted by the two countries on 7 May 2015 through a historic visit of the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi in Bangladesh. Under this agreement, which was ratified on 6 June 2015 India received 51 Bangladeshi enclaves (covering 7,110 acres) in the Indian mainland, while Bangladesh received 111 Indian enclaves (covering 17,160 acres) in the Bangladeshi mainland. The enclave residents are allowed to either reside at their present location or to move to any country of their choice. The physical exchange of enclaves was started implementation on 31 July 2015. The enclaves stand exchanged on the mid-night of 31 July, 2015 and the transfer of enclave residents completed officially on 30 November, 2015.
Unit of Analysis
A four pages long questionnaire in modular form was designed and a total of 81 questions in 10 separate modules were incorporated. This questionnaire was a modified version of the sample survey long questionnaire of Population and Housing Census 2011. Finally, Census of the Former Enclaves Population of Bangladesh (CFEPB) 2017 was conducted during October 05-14, 2017. The BBS officials were both the census cordinator supervisors and the interviewers. Data were collected from the heads of households or reliable respondents of the households. An enumeration area was comprised of about 100 enclaves households and 94 interviewers were deployed for data collection by 10 days at the targeted area of four census districts of the country who were supervised by senior officials of BBS with a proper chain of command under the guidance of the Director General of BBS.
The 10 (ten) separate modules of the census questionnaire were as follows:
1) Identification and Household Summary
2) Housing
3) Household
4) Individual Information
5) Economic Activities
6) Nuptiality
7) Fertility
8) Members Returned from Abroad
9) International Migration
10) Death
The 10 (ten) separate modules of the census questionnaire were as follows:
1) Identification and Household Summary
2) Housing
3) Household
4) Individual Information
5) Economic Activities
6) Nuptiality
7) Fertility
8) Members Returned from Abroad
9) International Migration
10) Death
Universe
Household:
A household is defined as a single person or a group of persons, related or unrelated normally living together and taking food from the same kitchen.
Household Head:
The member of household who is responsible for managing the family and is recognized by the members to be their head.
Enumeration Area:
An enumeration area means a well-defined and specified area of enumeration assigned to an enumerator. A sketch map of this area is prepared showing boundaries and locations. An enumeration area may consist of taking several households. A mauza can be
divided into several enumeration areas. But in this census mauza concept could not be adopted as in many cases full mauza was not a part of the enclave rather it was a part of a mauza. Therefore enumeration areas were demarcated following "Chhits". In the Census of the Former Enclaves Population of Bangladesh 2017, an enumeration area was comprised of about 100 households.
Literacy:
Person who is able to write a simple sentence is defined as literate.
Educational Attainment:
Educational attainment is defined as the highest grade completed within the educational system of the country where the education is received. It is not the number of years spent at school which is counted, rather the highest grade or level completed in the regular school system. The term "completed" means the successful completion of a given grade or level of education of schooling years.
Sex Ratio:
The ratio of males to females in a given population usually expressed as the number of males per 100 females.
Economic Participation:
Economic participation means the participation of population in the economic activities. Basically it indicates the economically active population or labour force which is comprised of all persons of either sex of age 15 years and above who contribute to the supply of labour for the production of economic goods and services during the time-reference period chosen to the census. It includes employed and unemployed population who are actively looking for job. Employed population currently may be at work or may not be at work for time-being. Unemployed population are persons capable of working and looking for work. They are all
included in the labour force.
Working Population:
Working population includes persons currently at work and those looking for work and excludes persons not at work.
Crude Activity Rate:
The crude activity rate as followed in all censuses is defined as the ratio of economically active population in the age group 15 years and over to the total population expressed in percentage.
Refined Activity Rate:
The refined activity rate as followed in all censuses is the ratio of economically active population in the age group 15 years and over to total population of the same age group expressed in percentage.
Singulate Mean Age at Marriage (SMAM):
SMAM is defined as an estimate of the mean number of years lived by cohort of women before their first marriage. This is an indices method of estimation for the mean age at marriage.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR):
The ratio of live births in a specified period (usually one calendar year) to the average population in that period (normally taken to be the mid-year population). The value is conventionally expressed per 1000 population.
Age-Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR):
Number of live births occurring to women of a particular age or age group normally expressed per 1000 women in the same age-group in a given year. It is usually calculated for 5 years age groups from 15-19 to 40-44 or 15-19 to 45-49.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR):
The sum of the Age-Specific Fertility Rates (ASFR) over the whole range of reproductive ages for a particular period (usually a year). It can be interpreted as the number of children a woman would have during her lifetime if she were to experience the fertility rates of period at each age.
General Fertility Rate (GFR):
The GFR is the ratio of total number of children born alive per woman to the total number of women of ages 15-49 expressed per 1000 population.
Crude Death Rate (CDR):
The crude death rate (CDR) is the number of deaths per 1000 mid-year population in a given year.
A household is defined as a single person or a group of persons, related or unrelated normally living together and taking food from the same kitchen.
Household Head:
The member of household who is responsible for managing the family and is recognized by the members to be their head.
Enumeration Area:
An enumeration area means a well-defined and specified area of enumeration assigned to an enumerator. A sketch map of this area is prepared showing boundaries and locations. An enumeration area may consist of taking several households. A mauza can be
divided into several enumeration areas. But in this census mauza concept could not be adopted as in many cases full mauza was not a part of the enclave rather it was a part of a mauza. Therefore enumeration areas were demarcated following "Chhits". In the Census of the Former Enclaves Population of Bangladesh 2017, an enumeration area was comprised of about 100 households.
Literacy:
Person who is able to write a simple sentence is defined as literate.
Educational Attainment:
Educational attainment is defined as the highest grade completed within the educational system of the country where the education is received. It is not the number of years spent at school which is counted, rather the highest grade or level completed in the regular school system. The term "completed" means the successful completion of a given grade or level of education of schooling years.
Sex Ratio:
The ratio of males to females in a given population usually expressed as the number of males per 100 females.
Economic Participation:
Economic participation means the participation of population in the economic activities. Basically it indicates the economically active population or labour force which is comprised of all persons of either sex of age 15 years and above who contribute to the supply of labour for the production of economic goods and services during the time-reference period chosen to the census. It includes employed and unemployed population who are actively looking for job. Employed population currently may be at work or may not be at work for time-being. Unemployed population are persons capable of working and looking for work. They are all
included in the labour force.
Working Population:
Working population includes persons currently at work and those looking for work and excludes persons not at work.
Crude Activity Rate:
The crude activity rate as followed in all censuses is defined as the ratio of economically active population in the age group 15 years and over to the total population expressed in percentage.
Refined Activity Rate:
The refined activity rate as followed in all censuses is the ratio of economically active population in the age group 15 years and over to total population of the same age group expressed in percentage.
Singulate Mean Age at Marriage (SMAM):
SMAM is defined as an estimate of the mean number of years lived by cohort of women before their first marriage. This is an indices method of estimation for the mean age at marriage.
Crude Birth Rate (CBR):
The ratio of live births in a specified period (usually one calendar year) to the average population in that period (normally taken to be the mid-year population). The value is conventionally expressed per 1000 population.
Age-Specific Fertility Rate (ASFR):
Number of live births occurring to women of a particular age or age group normally expressed per 1000 women in the same age-group in a given year. It is usually calculated for 5 years age groups from 15-19 to 40-44 or 15-19 to 45-49.
Total Fertility Rate (TFR):
The sum of the Age-Specific Fertility Rates (ASFR) over the whole range of reproductive ages for a particular period (usually a year). It can be interpreted as the number of children a woman would have during her lifetime if she were to experience the fertility rates of period at each age.
General Fertility Rate (GFR):
The GFR is the ratio of total number of children born alive per woman to the total number of women of ages 15-49 expressed per 1000 population.
Crude Death Rate (CDR):
The crude death rate (CDR) is the number of deaths per 1000 mid-year population in a given year.
Producers and sponsors
Authoring entity/Primary investigators
| Agency Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS | STATISTICS AND INFORMATICS DIVISION, MINISTRY OF PLANNING |
Funding Agency/Sponsor
| Name | Abbreviation |
|---|---|
| Statistics and Informatics Division | SID |
Sampling
Sampling Procedure
One of the most significant and indispensable parts of any census is to conduct Post Enumeration Check (PEC) to validate the census data. Census data collection is often prone to diverse non-sampling errors due to its size. PEC conducted independently soon after the census data collection. It is one of the standard methods of calculating that errors and use the PEC results for correcting the errors of the census. PEC refers to re-enumeration of the enclave households of some specific Enumeration Areas (EAs) of the census selecting through an appropriate sampling method.
PEC is defined as the full recount of specified units of the enclave households of a representative sample of a census population followed by matching each unit enumerated in the PEC with the information obtained from the census enumeration. Therefore, it estimates the extent of coverage as well as content errors occurred in the census enumeration. Post Enumeration Check (PEC) of enclave census was conducted in approximately 10 % sample area of total enumeration area by Demography and Health Wing of BBS during 28 December 2017 to 3 January 2018.
Demography and Health Wing, a separate professional wing of BBS, carried out the PEC in view of keeping the independence between the PEC and the Census. This wing of BBS was selected considering their past experience on conducting the PECs of different previous censuses successfully and also the recommendation of the technical committee.
As this is a small census and strong supervision was made by senior officials and the quality of census was excellent. As such the under enumeration rate is very small. Only 1.03% was under enumeration rate. Using this rate, the total population of the enclave stands at 45,516 of which male population stands 23,111 and female stands at 22,405. As per census practice all tables were prepared on the basis of enumerated population.
PEC is defined as the full recount of specified units of the enclave households of a representative sample of a census population followed by matching each unit enumerated in the PEC with the information obtained from the census enumeration. Therefore, it estimates the extent of coverage as well as content errors occurred in the census enumeration. Post Enumeration Check (PEC) of enclave census was conducted in approximately 10 % sample area of total enumeration area by Demography and Health Wing of BBS during 28 December 2017 to 3 January 2018.
Demography and Health Wing, a separate professional wing of BBS, carried out the PEC in view of keeping the independence between the PEC and the Census. This wing of BBS was selected considering their past experience on conducting the PECs of different previous censuses successfully and also the recommendation of the technical committee.
As this is a small census and strong supervision was made by senior officials and the quality of census was excellent. As such the under enumeration rate is very small. Only 1.03% was under enumeration rate. Using this rate, the total population of the enclave stands at 45,516 of which male population stands 23,111 and female stands at 22,405. As per census practice all tables were prepared on the basis of enumerated population.
Data Collection
Dates of Data Collection (YYYY/MM/DD)
| Start date | End date | Cycle |
|---|---|---|
| 2017-10-05 | 2017-10-11 | 2017-7-31 |
Mode of data collection
Face-to-face [f2f]
Type of Research Instrument
The contents of census questionnaire were determined based on data needs assessed on government current priorities and also recommendations of the experts of technical committee. Several preliminary checks of the questionnaire were made locally. Lastly, the questionnaire was pre-tested in selected areas under supervision of BBS official. Satisfactory pre-test results were resolved finalising a ten modules questionnaire for adoption in the census.
Data Collectors
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation |
|---|---|---|
| STATISTICS AND INFORMATICS DIVISION | SID | MINISTRY OF PLANNING GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH |
Data Processing
Cleaning Operations
In order to process the census data, editing and coding of the modules were done in Dhaka Headquarters. The errors and inconsistencies, if detected, were corrected and imputed by editors and respective codes were given by coders where needed. For this purpose, written editing instructions, code list for occupation, 2-digit code of Bangladesh Standard Classification of Occupation (BSCO) and for activity code lists, 2-digit code of Bangladesh Standard Industrial Classification (BSIC), the Bangladesh Version of International classifications were used.
Data access
Contact
| Name | Affiliation |
|---|---|
| BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS | BBS |
Metadata production
Document ID
DDI-BGD-BBS-CFEPB-2017-v01
Producers
| Name | Abbreviation | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|---|
| BANGLADESH BUREAU OF STATISTICS | BBS | STATISTICS AND INFORMATICS DIVISION (SID) MINISTRY OF PLANNING GOVERNMENT OF THE PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF BANGLADESH | Documentation of the study |
Date of Production
2019-09-01